Since there are no point and click software, like an Anti Virus solution, available to secure a website, people just consider the job is done once the website is up. It definitely is not. Protecting a website or webserver is possible only by continued efforts. Unlike a poorly protected desktop in your place of business, a hacked website will reflect poorly on you, your business or brand.
With the sheer volume of zero day threats emanating all the time, there may not be fit it and forget solutions for protecting a website. But there are always some time tested fundamental ground work that should be done to get the first line of defence up while figuring out a detailed security plan. After the fold comes a list of 15 tips that can help you lay the foundation for web security.
Use Open Source Scripts
Unless you know what you are doing or have a well versed development team in your payroll, it is a great idea to use open source scripts. Open source scripts like WordPress, Drupal, Joomla, Magento etc. are feature rich, powerful and are backed by thousands of coders for update & support.
This avoids websites falling prey to hackers & spammers due to poorly written code. Instead of building from scratch, you can use the existing scripts and modify them to your liking. Commercial scripts from reputed companies can also be deployed if they issue updates & patches regularly.
Update Constantly
New features or not, upgrade to newer versions of scripts as soon as they are released. Point upgrades mostly fix bugs in the script and are as important as a full version upgrade. If you are not sure whether the new update will break your customization, ask in the support forums and do not wait till you get your customization to be fixed before applying an update.
Use Strong Passwords
Passwords like “loveydovey123â€, “unicornlover†are definitely not cute and it is absolutely reckless to even consider using them. Your password does not have to reflect your “inner persona†as they are supposed to keep things safe.
Use a combination of alphabets, numbers and special characters and make sure they are atleast 10 characters long. Apps like Lastpass, KeePass etc. can help you generate strong passwords and to store them as well.
Secure Admin Email Address
Keep the admin email address used to login to your webserver, CMS, database etc. away from the public eye. Use a totally different address in your contact page. This will help from not being scammed by a phising email disguised to have been sent by your hosting company or domain registrar.
Add a Database Table Prefix
If you are using a CMS, blog or forum script, change the default database table prefix. For example in case of WordPress, the default database table prefix is “wpâ€. So if a brilliant hacker finds a way to extract data from a database, default table prefixes will leave you a sitting duck.
Password protect the Database
It is not a mandatory requirement in a lot of scripts to enter a database password and leaving them empty will still get the script installed. An empty password is a criminal waste of an additional layer of security. Database password do not slow down the website when querying the database, so there is absolutely no reason not to have one.
Delete the Installation Folder
Once the installation is done there is no use for the installer folder in the day to day operations of a website. It is very much possible for a hacker to run the installer once again, empty the database and take control of the website & its content. Ideally it is strongly advised to delete the folder once the installation is complete, but if you know your way around the web server, you can also opt to rename the folder.
Change File & Folder Permissions
Some scripts require full read & write access while installation. This can achieved by using the 777 code on vital folders like config, admin etc. Revert the file permissions back to their original code, say 755 or 644. A file or folder with full read write code gives easy access to inject malicious code in your website.
Use Secured FTP Access
If your webserver or ISP support SFTP access, jump at the opportunity and upload files to your server in fully encrypted glory. Nobody can sniff what you are uploading or downloading to & from the webserver.
Restrict Root Access
Be it may FTP or Database, never give root access to everyone willy nilly. Restrict access to certain non system folders in the case of FTP uploads by people other than the system administrator.
Ensure the presence of .htaccess file
.htaccess files are often used to specify the security restrictions for the particular directory, and make sure you have not deleted it by accident or if it is there in the first place.
Add robots.txt file
robots.txt gives special instructions to search engine spiders as to which folders are to be indexed and which ones are not. Folders with documents, images etc can be kept under wraps from being indexed and displayed in public web searches.
Use security plugins
Mature platforms always have plugins to extend the core functionality of the script. Look for plugins that add an extra layer of security and install them. For example, WP Security Scan plugin checks if most of the steps I have mentioned above have been implemented properly in a WordPress installation.
Read leading Tech Blogs
Keep yourself updated on the latest vulnerabilities, bugs and attacks on the Internet. There will be a time delay before the patches are issued and this information will help you protect your website or to temporarily take it offline if there is a very serious threat. Wired’s Threat Level and Kreb’s on Security are good places to begin.
Stay away from Nulled Scripts & Themes
Piracy of commercial scripts and paid themes is the easiest among all other forms of piracy. Smaller file sizes, absence of version specific keygen, cumbersome Daemons, DLL patches & cracks make it a cake walk to pirate a script rather than a software or PC Game.
However, unlike pirated desktop software where a hidden malware is removed by the Anti Virus software, there is no way you can escape the backdoor added to the codebase. Even for a seasoned programmer, it is impossible to go through thousands of lines of code to check if the script is free of backboors.
A nulled script or theme with a backdoor ensures that the hacker peddling it in the first place has gotten himself a free server to spam people with mails promising to enhance things that cannot be enhanced. If you are lucky, your website might not used for anti government propaganda or for distributing child pornography. Unless you so love orange jumpsuits or better yet, would love to go on an all expenses paid trip to a certain facility in Cuba, stay away from nulled scripts. Nulled scripts hurt the pirate worse than the developer.
Source: http://web.appstorm.net/roundups/self-publishing/15-great-ways-to-secure-your-website/
With the sheer volume of zero day threats emanating all the time, there may not be fit it and forget solutions for protecting a website. But there are always some time tested fundamental ground work that should be done to get the first line of defence up while figuring out a detailed security plan. After the fold comes a list of 15 tips that can help you lay the foundation for web security.
Use Open Source Scripts
Unless you know what you are doing or have a well versed development team in your payroll, it is a great idea to use open source scripts. Open source scripts like WordPress, Drupal, Joomla, Magento etc. are feature rich, powerful and are backed by thousands of coders for update & support.
This avoids websites falling prey to hackers & spammers due to poorly written code. Instead of building from scratch, you can use the existing scripts and modify them to your liking. Commercial scripts from reputed companies can also be deployed if they issue updates & patches regularly.
Update Constantly
New features or not, upgrade to newer versions of scripts as soon as they are released. Point upgrades mostly fix bugs in the script and are as important as a full version upgrade. If you are not sure whether the new update will break your customization, ask in the support forums and do not wait till you get your customization to be fixed before applying an update.
Use Strong Passwords
Passwords like “loveydovey123â€, “unicornlover†are definitely not cute and it is absolutely reckless to even consider using them. Your password does not have to reflect your “inner persona†as they are supposed to keep things safe.
Use a combination of alphabets, numbers and special characters and make sure they are atleast 10 characters long. Apps like Lastpass, KeePass etc. can help you generate strong passwords and to store them as well.
Secure Admin Email Address
Keep the admin email address used to login to your webserver, CMS, database etc. away from the public eye. Use a totally different address in your contact page. This will help from not being scammed by a phising email disguised to have been sent by your hosting company or domain registrar.
Add a Database Table Prefix
If you are using a CMS, blog or forum script, change the default database table prefix. For example in case of WordPress, the default database table prefix is “wpâ€. So if a brilliant hacker finds a way to extract data from a database, default table prefixes will leave you a sitting duck.
Password protect the Database
It is not a mandatory requirement in a lot of scripts to enter a database password and leaving them empty will still get the script installed. An empty password is a criminal waste of an additional layer of security. Database password do not slow down the website when querying the database, so there is absolutely no reason not to have one.
Delete the Installation Folder
Once the installation is done there is no use for the installer folder in the day to day operations of a website. It is very much possible for a hacker to run the installer once again, empty the database and take control of the website & its content. Ideally it is strongly advised to delete the folder once the installation is complete, but if you know your way around the web server, you can also opt to rename the folder.
Change File & Folder Permissions
Some scripts require full read & write access while installation. This can achieved by using the 777 code on vital folders like config, admin etc. Revert the file permissions back to their original code, say 755 or 644. A file or folder with full read write code gives easy access to inject malicious code in your website.
Use Secured FTP Access
If your webserver or ISP support SFTP access, jump at the opportunity and upload files to your server in fully encrypted glory. Nobody can sniff what you are uploading or downloading to & from the webserver.
Restrict Root Access
Be it may FTP or Database, never give root access to everyone willy nilly. Restrict access to certain non system folders in the case of FTP uploads by people other than the system administrator.
Ensure the presence of .htaccess file
.htaccess files are often used to specify the security restrictions for the particular directory, and make sure you have not deleted it by accident or if it is there in the first place.
Add robots.txt file
robots.txt gives special instructions to search engine spiders as to which folders are to be indexed and which ones are not. Folders with documents, images etc can be kept under wraps from being indexed and displayed in public web searches.
Use security plugins
Mature platforms always have plugins to extend the core functionality of the script. Look for plugins that add an extra layer of security and install them. For example, WP Security Scan plugin checks if most of the steps I have mentioned above have been implemented properly in a WordPress installation.
Read leading Tech Blogs
Keep yourself updated on the latest vulnerabilities, bugs and attacks on the Internet. There will be a time delay before the patches are issued and this information will help you protect your website or to temporarily take it offline if there is a very serious threat. Wired’s Threat Level and Kreb’s on Security are good places to begin.
Stay away from Nulled Scripts & Themes
Piracy of commercial scripts and paid themes is the easiest among all other forms of piracy. Smaller file sizes, absence of version specific keygen, cumbersome Daemons, DLL patches & cracks make it a cake walk to pirate a script rather than a software or PC Game.
However, unlike pirated desktop software where a hidden malware is removed by the Anti Virus software, there is no way you can escape the backdoor added to the codebase. Even for a seasoned programmer, it is impossible to go through thousands of lines of code to check if the script is free of backboors.
A nulled script or theme with a backdoor ensures that the hacker peddling it in the first place has gotten himself a free server to spam people with mails promising to enhance things that cannot be enhanced. If you are lucky, your website might not used for anti government propaganda or for distributing child pornography. Unless you so love orange jumpsuits or better yet, would love to go on an all expenses paid trip to a certain facility in Cuba, stay away from nulled scripts. Nulled scripts hurt the pirate worse than the developer.
Source: http://web.appstorm.net/roundups/self-publishing/15-great-ways-to-secure-your-website/
