Activity - we all know this is one of the most important pieces in having a successful forum
Team - obviously there needs to be a team that is capable of running the forum and keeping it smooth.
Posts - Say if I was to make a thread asking a question, how many replies would I get? The more replies I get the more likely I am to return to that forum to make another thread again.
There are a lot more aspects that make a successful forum but those right there I believe are the key ones. Just turn them flip em around for the bad things. E.g - no activity doesn't make a successful forum obviously.